Sleep apnoea test and diagnosis

Do you find yourself waking up tired–even after a full night’s sleep? Is it hard to stay focused during the day? As a result, do you feel irritable or anxious? A sleep apnoea test can help you determine if this condition is the cause behind these symptoms. Undiagnosed and untreated sleep apnoea can lead to serious health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke.¹

The first step to feeling better is a confirmed sleep apnoea diagnosis. It’s important to get checked early so you can find the right treatment. To find out if you have sleep apnoea, talk to your doctor about your symptoms. Your doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist for a test. To help you understand the process, we’ll walk you through what to expect during a sleep apnoea test and the steps that follow.

What is a sleep apnoea test?

A test for sleep apnoea, prescribed by a doctor, is a medical test that monitors sleep patterns, breathing and oxygen levels while you’re asleep. Your doctor will refer you to a sleep specialist who will have you take a monitored sleep test in a lab or at home. Your test results will help your doctor determine if you have sleep apnoea and create a treatment programme for you.

Types of sleep apnoea tests

Sleep tests can be done at home or at a certified sleep clinic. However, the test in a sleep clinic may offer a more complete picture of how sleep apnoea is affecting your body if you have other chronic conditions. Have an honest discussion with your doctor about your symptoms and medical history. This will help them recommend the best possible test to confirm if you have sleep apnoea and create a personalised treatment programme.

There are two types of sleep apnoea tests:

• Home sleep test (HST): Your doctor may recommend a home sleep test if you’re showing symptoms of a sleep disorder and have not been diagnosed with any other chronic medical conditions. HSTs can be conveniently completed from the comfort of your own bed, reducing the amount of time you have to wait to get tested.²
• In-lab polysomnography sleep study (PSG): Your doctor may recommend a PSG if you have a more complex medical history and may benefit from comprehensive sleep monitoring. PSGs are usually conducted overnight in a sleep lab or hospital, where a trained sleep physiologist can monitor your sleep.²

In some cases, your doctor may suggest a follow-up appointment in a sleep lab.

Either an HST or PSG are required to diagnose sleep apnoea. Discuss your symptoms and any other health conditions with your doctor, so they can prescribe the right test for you. Once you know what you’re dealing with, you and your doctor can work together to get you on a path to improved sleep and energy.

How to get diagnosed with sleep apnoea

If you think you might have sleep apnoea, there are few steps you can take to get an accurate diagnosis. Including, either via hospital or a private sleep clinic.

1. Visit your doctor: Make an appointment with your regular doctor to discuss your symptoms and whether they might be signs of sleep apnoea. Your doctor will look at your health history and decide if you should see a sleep specialist.
2. Get a referral for testing: If needed, your doctor will send you to a sleep specialist. This specialist will ask more in-depth questions about your sleep patterns, symptoms, and overall health to determine the best type of sleep test for you.
   Note: there are also private home sleep study options available where you can do a self-referral.
3. Take a sleep study: You will take a sleep test either at home or at a specialised sleep centre or lab. This test typically happens over the course of one night, but your specialist or the at home sleep test might ask for multiple nights of testing. This test will monitor your breathing, oxygen levels and heart rate while you sleep.
4. Review your results: After your overnight sleep apnoea test, your doctor will go over the results with you. Your test results will include information on your breathing patterns, how you move in your sleep, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, and more.

One important measurement is called the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). It shows how many times you stopped breathing while you slept. Learning your AHI can help your doctor determine if your sleep apnoea is mild, moderate or severe.

The importance of getting diagnosed for sleep apnoea

If you tend to snore, wake up during the night and feel exhausted during the day, you might have sleep apnoea. A sleep apnoea diagnosis can help you start treating your disorder. Early detection and treatment of sleep apnoea is an important step toward preventing other health conditions from developing.

Treating your sleep apnoea as early as possible can help prevent heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes and more.³ If you’re formally diagnosed with sleep apnoea, you and your doctor will work together to create an effective treatment plan. Once you start treating your sleep apnoea, you can have more restful nights and more energetic days.

What happens after a sleep apnoea diagnosis?

If you’re diagnosed with sleep apnoea, don’t worry – you’re not alone.

After your sleep test is complete, you and your doctor will go over your results together and discuss your diagnosis. If you have sleep apnoea, you will discuss the severity level, possible health effects and treatment options.

Your treatment will depend on the severity of your symptoms and the type of sleep apnoea you’re diagnosed with.

Common treatment options include:

• Lifestyle changes: Some adjustments to your daily routine can help with sleep apnoea, such as maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking alcohol or smoking, sticking to a regular sleep schedule and sleeping on your side instead of your back.
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy: A CPAP machine is a device you wear while sleeping. It gently blows a continuous stream of air into your airways via a mask to help you breathe better while sleeping. CPAP machines are one of the most common ways to treat sleep apnoea.⁴
• Dental appliances: If your sleep apnoea symptoms are mild, your doctor may suggest a special mouthpiece, like a mouthguard. Dental appliances help keep your jaw in a position that keeps your airway open while you sleep.
• Surgery: While surgery is usually a last resort, in some cases, it may be the best option to treat sleep apnoea. The most common type of surgery for sleep apnoea removes extra tissue in the throat to help you breathe better. This surgery enlarges airways to let more oxygen pass through. Other less common sleep apnoea surgeries include tonsil removal, correcting a deviated septum or jaw surgery.⁵

Common medical terms you may see in your sleep test results

When sharing the results of your sleep apnoea test with you, your doctor will explain several important terms to you. Understanding what these terms mean–and mean for you–will help you get a clearer picture of your sleep apnoea diagnosis.

Apnoea

This is when you stop breathing during sleep. For obstructive sleep apnoea, it’s when the entire airway is blocked, preventing air from entering the lungs.⁶

Hypopnoea

Shallow breathing during sleep, typically lasting 10 seconds or more, results in reduced airflow and a drop in blood oxygen levels, potentially disrupting sleep quality.⁷

Apnoea-hypoponea index (AHI)

The severity of sleep apnoea can be measured by the average number of times per hour someone had an apnoea or hypopnoea while they slept.⁷

Oxygen desaturation index (ODI)

Measures the number of times per hour that the level of oxygen in the blood drops below a normal level.⁸

Respiratory disturbance index (RDI)

This is the average number of respiratory disturbances – including apnoeas, hypopneas and other respiratory events – per hour of sleep.⁹

When should I consider a sleep apnoea test?

When you’re having trouble sleeping, it can be difficult to know if it’s related to a serious medical issue. In many cases, if you experience symptoms like snoring, gasping for air or feel exhausted during the day, you may have sleep apnoea.

Sleep apnoea can affect anyone. In fact, nearly 1 billion people around the world are living with sleep apnoea.¹⁰ That includes people of all ages, genders and body types. Sleep apnoea may go undiagnosed for years, which can lead to serious health conditions. If you experience one or more symptoms of sleep apnoea, schedule a visit with your doctor and take the next steps to better sleep–and better living.

Next steps based on where you are in the sleep apnoea process

Experiencing sleep apnoea symptoms? Start our sleep assessment.

Our sleep assessment can help you understand your sleep habits.

Already taken the sleep quiz? Time to talk to your doctor.

After taking the sleep quiz, discuss your responses, sleep issues and symptoms with your doctor.

Talked to your doctor? Schedule a sleep test.

Your doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist and recommend you schedule a sleep test to track your snoring habits. It can be done in a sleep test clinic or in the comfort of your home. You can also complete a sleep study via a private sleep clinic.

This blog post contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information is not advice, and should not be treated as such. You must not rely on the information on this website as an alternative to medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider.

If you have any specific questions about any medical matter, you should consult your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. If you think you may be suffering from any medical condition, you should seek immediate medical attention. You should never delay seeking medical advice, disregard medical advice, or discontinue medical treatment because of information on this website. The views expressed on this blog and website have no relation to those of any academic, hospital, practice, or other institution with which the authors are affiliated and do not directly reflect the views of Resmed or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

References:

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4. CPAP – CPAP | NHLBI, NIH. 24 Mar. 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cpap.
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6. Sleep Apnea – What Is Sleep Apnea? | NHLBI, NIH. 9 Jan. 2025, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-apnea.
7. Slowik, Jennifer M., et al. “Obstructive Sleep Apnea.” StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 2026. PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459252/.
8. Varghese, Lalee, et al. “Oxygen Desaturation Index as Alternative Parameter in Screening Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.” Sleep Science, vol. 15, no. S 01, Mar. 2022, pp. 224–28. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200119.
9. Gottlieb, Daniel J., et al. “Relation of Sleepiness to Respiratory Disturbance Index: The Sleep Heart Health Study.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 159, no. 2, Feb. 1999, pp. 502–07. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9804051.
10. Benjafield, Adam V., et al. “Estimation of the Global Prevalence and Burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Literature-Based Analysis.” The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, vol. 7, no. 8, Aug. 2019, pp. 687–98. PubMed, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30198-5.